Fluent Melting and Solidification Essay Example for Free

Familiar Melting and Solidification Essay 8.1 Overview of Phase Change Modeling in FLUENT Familiar can be utilized to take care of uid ow issues including stage change occurring at one temperature e.g., in unadulterated metals or over a scope of temperature e.g., in parallel alloys. Rather than expressly following the fluid strong front as the stage change happens, which requires a moving cross section philosophy, an enthalpy-porosity definition is utilized where the ow and enthalpy conditions are understood with additional source terms on the xed framework. Marangoni shear, because of the variety of surface strain with temperature, is significant in numerous mechanical uid ow circumstances including stage change. The stage change model in FLUENT gives the capacity to indicate the Marangoni inclination at a slanting surface, just as a subjective shear at a limit concurring with one of the curvilinear network lines. The model likewise permits you to indicate the convective warmth move, radiation, and warmth ux at a divider as piecewise straight genius les, polynomials, or symphonious capacities. Familiar gives the accompanying stage change displaying alternatives: Calculation of fluid strong stage change in unadulterated metals just as in twofold composites. Displaying of ceaseless throwing forms i.e., pulling of strong material out of the domain. Section 8 | Phase Change Simulations Capacity to determine a self-assertive shear at a bended limit as a piecewise straight genius le or polynomial as far as one of the Cartesian directions. Demonstrating of Marangoni convection because of the variety of surface strain with temperature. Demonstrating of the warm contact obstruction between solidified material and the divider e.g., because of an air gap. Capacity to fix an energy source every Cartesian way and additionally a warmth source to reproduce attractive power elds or warmth age in the area, for example. Show and fixing of inert warmth content, pull speeds in nonstop throwing and other important factors. These displaying capacities permit FLUENT to reenact a wide scope of stage change issues including softening, solidi cation, precious stone development and consistent throwing. The physical conditions utilized for these stage change estimations are portrayed in the accompanying areas. Impediments of the As referenced over, the stage change detailing in FLUENT Phase Change can be utilized to display the softening freezing of unadulterated materials, as Model well as combinations. The fluid portion versus temperature relationship utilized in FLUENT is the switch rule|i.e., a direct relationship Equation 8.2-3. Different connections are conceivable 124 , yet not accessible in FLUENT. The accompanying FLUENT highlights can't be utilized related to the stage change model: Radiation Combustion Speci ed occasional mass ow Cylindrical speeds Review of Phase In request for you to empower the stage change model, the vitality equaChange Modeling tion must be dynamic. You are then required to flexibly extra Procedures physical constants relating to the stage change issue liquidus and solidus temperature, idle warmth of freezing, etc.. You may summon one of the upgraded limit conditions that are accessible c Fluent Inc. May 10, 1997

Serial Killer Research

The Insanity Of Killers Serial homicide is a mental wrongdoing in numerous perspectives. It is an arranged, thoroughly considered activity. The violations themselves are regularly dedicated all together for the executioner to increase a feeling of intensity, control, and mastery. There must be mental wants as well as apparent needs that are in any case ailing in their life. Are sequential executioners crazy? Not by lawful principles. The legitimate meaning of craziness depends on the nineteenth century M’Naghten Rules: Does the guilty party comprehend the contrast among right and wrong?If he escapes or makes any endeavor to conceal the wrongdoing, at that point the wrongdoer isn't crazy, since his activities show that he comprehended that what he was doing wasn't right. However what individual in their correct brain would filet little youngsters and compose letters to the guardians, celebrating over what a fine feast their kid made? On account of Albert Fish, the jury discover ed him â€Å"insane, yet he had the right beyond words. † A conventional meaning of lawful craziness originally was embraced in 1843 and is known as the M'Naghten test; its essential structure despite everything is utilized today.The test diagrams that the protection should obviously demonstrate that the denounced individual was so impeded mentally as to not comprehend that the wrongdoing wasn't right when the individual submitted it. Most wrongdoing specialists accept that sequential executioners are not crazy and are completely mindful of their activities at the time that they submit murders. Likewise, sequential killers carry out a few wrongdoings, so it would follow that they ought to be demonstrated as crazy when arranging and perpetrating all the violations they're charged with.Some sequential executioners have been analyzed as sociopaths, or individuals who act with all out dismissal for the privileges of others; they can differentiate among good and bad, notwithstandi ng, so maniacs aren't viewed as crazy. Society accepts that the craziness protection is utilized unquestionably more frequently than it really is and individuals accept that the guard is utilized as a strategy to stay away from discipline. Individuals see sequential executioners as obtuse and question how they would ever perpetrate the violations that they do.Some think it is insensitive to executed an executioner, however isn’t it significantly progressively harsh to slaughter the same number of individuals as that executioner did? One of the most unsurprising endeavors to move the fault is by making an abhorrent clouded side, or modify inner self. Creating an adjust self image is a helpful method to nail the blame to another, regardless of whether that other is inside. It's a mental variety of â€Å"the fallen angel caused me to do it. † But detestable change self images are normally ungainly developments that self-destruct under investigation. Best case scenario, a real part character could seek after a psychological establishment rather than death row.But credible cases are uncommonly uncommon. The thought processes of sequential executioners can be set into five distinct classes: visionary, minister, epicurean, increase inspired, force and control. Visionary resembles having that little voice in your mind advising you to accomplish something, so the executioner tunes in and even some of the time attempts to move the fault on to the voice and professing to be crazy. Purported preacher executioners accept that their demonstrations are supported on the premise that they are disposing of a particular kind of individual and in this manner doing society a favor.The indulgent sort slaughters for its sheer joy, in spite of the fact that what viewpoint they appreciate changes. This is the most widely recognized kind of sequential executioner portrayed in slasher and blood and gore films, thrill rides, etc. Increase persuaded, most hoodlums who submit various homicides for material finishes, (for example, Mafia hit men) are not classed as sequential executioners, since they are propelled by financial addition as opposed to psychopathological impulse. Force and control, their principle objective for killing is to pick up and apply control over their victim.Such executioners are at times mishandled as kids, leaving them with sentiments of weakness and deficiency as grown-ups. They should be crazy, what ordinary individual could butcher another human, for its sheer joy? However the most chilling reality about sequential executioners is that they are balanced and ascertaining. As the â€Å"British Jeffrey Dahmer† Dennis Nilsen put it, â€Å"a brain can be underhanded without being unusual. † Serial Killer-Psychopathic or Psychotic Differences between the two. What is a sequential executioner? A sequential executioner is an individual who assaults and murders casualties individually in a progression of incidents.Some at tributes of a sequential executioner is that they have at least three to four casualties, generally with a â€Å"cooling off period† in the middle. The executioner as a rule is probably going to exploit a more unusual than they are to deceive somebody that they know. The sequential executioner has a twisted inclination to rule there casualties, they don't benefit, aside from mental fulfillment. The sequential executioner typically searches for casualties that are helpless. Most of sequential executioners are white guys, in there late 20’s to mid 30’s, however some have been known to be a great deal older.Serial executioners as a rule originate from lower to working class family foundations and they as a rule have in any event a normal knowledge. There are two sorts of sequential executioners, the maniacal and the insane person. The crazy sequential executioner is one who is legitimately crazy, they can't differentiate among good and bad, they may hear voices, se e dreams and now and then may have fantasies preceding submitting the homicides. â€Å"The child of Sam† otherwise known as David Berkowitz is an extraordinary case of an insane sequential executioner. The second kind of sequential executioner is the psychopathic sequential killer.The psychopathic sequential executioner doesn't experience the ill effects of mental trips, they realize the distinction among good and bad, and are in contact with the real world, they simply couldn't care less what the are doing isn't right. Psychopathic sequential executioners need one significant attribute and that will be that they don't have an inner voice, or that there still, small voice is too powerless to even consider stopping the rough conduct. A psychopathic sequential executioner doesn't feel any blame, nor are they sorry for there activities. There are various speculations concerning whether an individual is brought into the world with the inclination to execute; a few hypotheses reco mmend that the mental case is a result of his/her environment.It is conceivable that it is a mix of both hereditary qualities anjd the person’s condition. The most exceedingly awful piece of a psychopathic sequential executioner is his/her capacity to mix in with their condition. They will act typical, yet underneath there persona, lies two wild characteristics; sexual variation from the norm and a devouring requirement for power. The executing fulfills both a definitive command over life and demise. Essentially, murdering gives them delight, they will since they need to and in light of the fact that they appreciate doing so.The just thing that prevents a sequential executioner from submitting these sorts of killings is it is possible that they are captured or they kick the bucket. Works Cited Debswood, . â€Å"Serial Killer †Psychopathic or Psychotic. † Scienceray. 19 2008. Web. 2 Nov 2012. . Ward, Daniel. â€Å"The M'Naghten Rule: A Re-assessment. † Marqu ette Law Review. Marquette Law Scholarly Commons, n. d. Web. 4 Nov 2012. . Bardsley, Marilyn. â€Å"Albert Fish. † Trutv-Crime Library. A Time Warner Company. Web. 3 Nov 2012. . Sullivan, Andrew. â€Å"Mind of Madness. † Studymode. studymode. com, 27 2011. Web. 5 Nov 2012. .

Media Coverage on Public and Ethical Concern Essay

Media Coverage on Public and Ethical Concern - Essay Example It caused the US government to have confidence in an idea known as the domino hypothesis. The foremost thought in this talk was that on the off chance that one Asian country tumbled to the liberal belief system of socialism, others would rapidly follow. Verifiably, the time of 1954 had seen the Communist powers in the north of Vietnam, drove by Ho Chi Minh, rout the pioneer French guideline in Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh sanctioned an arrangement whereby Vietnam was isolated into an ace American Southern and a socialist northern alliance with a neutral ground (DMZ) in the center. However, Ho Chi Minh had expected to bring the two areas under one government by a typical principle of the voting form, it never truly occurred. Despite what might be expected, the socialist powers started a guerrilla war against the south. This enticed the US government to dispatch a fight in Vietnam so as to diminish what it accepted to be the ascent of Soviet socialism. On the off chance that from the perspective of Utilitarianism, the moral principle that holds that the ethical worth of an activity is exclusively controlled by its commitment to in general utility, we put forth an attempt to legitimize the war, we understand that and still, at the end of the day the activity of the US government was truly inappropriate. The US government's obstinate coarseness to win the war rose to such a level, that even the fundamental precepts of excellence morals were exposed. In attempting to be utilitarian to their motivation, the US armed force enjoyed the awful wrongdoing of utilizing herbicides so as to defoliate enormous pieces of the open country. These synthetic substances played ruin, and still keep on doing as such, in crushing the scene, causing genetic maladies, birth imperfections and harming the natural pecking ord er. It is assessed that during the long periods of 1961-1962, the Kennedy organization approved the utilization of synthetics to pulverize rice crops. Somewhere in the range of 1961 and 1967, the U.S. Flying corps splashed 20 million U.S. gallons (76,000 m) of concentrated herbicides more than 6 million sections of land of harvests and trees, influencing an expected 13 percent of South Vietnam's property. In 1997, an article distributed by the Wall Street Journal announced that up to a large portion of a million youngsters were brought into the world with dioxin-related distortions, and that the birth surrenders in southern Vietnam were fourfold those in the north! No measure of utilitarianism can legitimize this mass slaughtering. Thus, the war demonstrated how the whole corpus of reason and Kantian deontology was discarded by the US armed force activity in Vietnam. As General Maxwell Taylor, one of the standard modelers of the war noted To begin with, we didn't have any acquaintance with ourselves. We imagined that we were going into another Korean war, but this was an alternate nation. Furthermore, we didn't have the foggiest idea about our South Vietnamese partners .... What's more, we thought less about North Vietnam. Who was Ho Chi Minh Nobody truly knew. Along these lines, until we know the adversary and know our partners and know ourselves, we would be advised to keep out of this sort of grimy business. It's extremely perilous. Robert McNamara, Lyndon Johnson's Secretary of Defense, was much progressively gruff. When requested to remark on his job by the London Observer, he answered I wasn't right! My God, I wasn't right! In this way, the war plainly crushed the utilitarian purposes it represented. In addition, the way that it cost the American government more than $120 billion, aside from intense fights and disdain the world over, shows the way that the Vietnam War was certainly a grave mistake

The Abstract Essay Samples Pitfall

The Abstract Essay Samples Pitfall The Battle Over Abstract Essay Samples and How to Win It Abstract essay samples are normally short, written in about a couple of paragraphs. Essay abstract examples begin with the function of the writing. In the event the Abstract is poorly written or if it's boring then it's not going to encourage a possible reader to devote the time reading your work. Instead, the abstract will incorporate the key points mentioned in the essay in addition to any conclusions that are drawn. The cost of an essay depends upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. Our writers have specialized in a wide selection of subjects. If your grasp of language isn't richly idiomatic, writing abstracts or any different type of essay can be hard. Now you are ready to get started writing your own annotated bibliography. Familiar essay writing is a trying undertaking which is the reason why many students don't submit a great version of it. By the moment you complete the essay writing procedure, you will know what things to utilize in abstract to perfectly describe your work. Luckily, you have our top-class group of writers who can assist students and teach them how to select the most suitable essay direction. Therefore, many students and employees decide to get cheap essay rather than writing it themselves. Abstract Essay Samples Secrets If you're writing an informative abstract, you are going to describe the outcomes of your research. It's safe to conclude an informational abstract communicates particulars of the lab report or experiment. In the event the research isn't complete yet, you can consist of preliminary outcomes or theory about the possible outcome. If relevant, it's possible to briefly make suggestions for additional research. The Fundamentals of Abstract Essay Samples Revealed There's no shortcut on the best way to compose an abstract for a lab report. Descriptive Abstract A descriptive abstract indicates the sort of information found in the job. The abstract should tell a condensed version of the entire story, and it should only consist of information that may be discovered in the primary text. As stated in the former section, the abstract you write depends upon its goal. The True Meaning of Abstract Essay Samples Naturally, before you may write an abstract, you require a paper to summarize in it. If you don't do that, it's said you've plagiarized the paper. Following that, you proceed through the paper and compose the abstract. Think about an abstract as a highly condensed overview of your whole paper. Abstract writing is just one of the important processes involved with writing a research paper. Ideally, you need to focus on introducing facts and making sure a reader will find the obvious picture of the topic presented by means of your research paper. In addition, your cover and bibliography pages are prepared at no cost. Before writing the abstract, you want to first identify the main reason why you will need to write this, and the role of writing the full paper. Without regard to the fact your familiar essay reflects your own ideas and ideas it still needs to stick to a particular structure and organize your paper in the right way. Academic papers can't contain any signals of plagiarism. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. It's well worth noting that the kind of abstract a student writes strongly depends on the sort of paper. Want to Know More About Abstract Essay Samples? For instance, women judges shouldn't be reduced to women. If you must compose an abstract, it's not any reason to panic in any way. In some instances, you can reach a place where you are able to give up. Besides some elements your abstract has to contain, there are a few things you ought to avoid.

Social Class And Middle Class - 1580 Words

Classism and Racisms Every household family around the world is apart of a social class that ultimately determines who they are. There is an upper-class, middle-class, and a lower-class. Upper-class and middle-class people usually consist of white people who have a lot of money and have more opportunities than any other social class. While the lower-class people don t have the same resources and opportunities like the people above them. The lower-class tends to have a more difficult time getting by in life. The tiers of these social classes determine who these people associate themselves with throughout their daily lives. The word classicism refers to people who share the same beliefs about economics, culture, politics, and have the†¦show more content†¦I think whites are carefully taught not to recognize white privilege, as males are taught not to recognize male privilege† (176) People of color are put at a disadvantage in this county because they are judged on the c olor of their skin. Upper-middle class people don t realize that they were born with white privilege, and look down upon people of color because they assume that they are uneducated and/or poor. Children are taught that they are special and have every opportunity to do what they love and make a name for themselves. Unfortunately for people of color, white people have the upper hand. For example, a Spanish woman named Emilia Rodriguez, who worked day and night to obtain a job interview with Bridgewater Associates, is competing against a white male named Joe Average, who received the interview because his successful father organized the meeting. Despite Emilia’s hard work and dedication, Joe would most likely receive the job because of his ethnicity, his father s social position and Joe s gender. An example of this racial profiling in the workplace was presented to us in class. We watched a video from BuzzFeed called Josà © to Joe. This man name Josà © applied to multiple job s a day on CraigsList, but received no feedback from any of the companies. One day he decided to drop the S in Josà ©, and became Joe Zamora. The following Monday, he received dozens of responses from the same companies he applied to when he wasShow MoreRelatedSocial Class And The Middle Class Essay2099 Words   |  9 PagesSocial class can be defined as a social construct which is used to describe a group of people with similar levels of wealth, influence and status. They tend to have dramatically different values and mannerisms to others groups, for example, the working-class are seen as uneducated and unskilled workers, whereas the middle-class are seen as highly educated people with high incomes (Harcourt, 2016). Despite there being other social class groups, including, the upper-class, this essay will explore theRead MoreSocial Control And The Middle Class1803 Words   |  8 Pagesmigration to large industrial centres, lead to inherent social problems. The urban infrastructu re could not keep up with increasing population density and cities became rife with crime. The governmental and ruling classes became fearful of the situation and saw criminality as an object to be anxious of. Due to this institutions emerged to control and survey the masses, these movements are known as ‘social control’. Firstly by exploring methods of social control we can understand that cities were managedRead MoreSocial Issues Of The Young Middle Class778 Words   |  4 PagesAnshul’s ethnography represents young people’s ability to navigate social issues and structural barriers with creative improvisation of the resources available to them. This resourcefulness shows that young people amidst neoliberal change are not passive consumers, but strategic negotiators and tacticians (Jeffrey 2010; Klenk 2010; Dyson 2014). The young middle-class can take these risks because of the safety nets they assumed and built using Bourdieu’s multiple species of capital. 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The word social means relating to society or its organization. The word class means people living together in a more or less ordered community. â€Å"The definition of social class is a separation of society based on economic status† (Dictionary.com). â€Å"People mostRead MoreSocial Stratification And Social Class1468 Words   |  6 Pageswe cannot understand the social world, we are more likely to be overwhelmed by it. In America society is stratified into social classes by which society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy, upper, middle and lower class. Social stratification is a trait of society, not simply a reflection of individual differences but achievement based. For that matter, social class is a controversial issue due to the perceptions of people in each class and many argue that social inequality and racism playRe ad MoreReconstruction And Renewal Of Paris Represented The Triumph Of Middle Class Urban Culture And Value Of Open928 Words   |  4 Pagesof middle class urban culture and value of open, accessible social spaces and a drastic improvement in the living and sanitary conditions of the city. The middle class was deeply involved in the idea of a large social sphere in order to talk and discuss all aspects of life, and the renewal of Paris with open spaces and large boulevards enabled this sphere. The unsanitary and unlivable conditions of the city previously were completely changed, which demonstrates a triumph for the middle class as they

Funding For Special Needs Education - 946 Words

Do you know anyone in your family, a friend, co-worker or even a person at school with learning disabilities? What if I told you, the help that person need to learn better and assist them with their disabilities would be taken away from them. Around the country budgets cut have been made, especially harming the programs for special needs students. The total amount that has been cut cross nation from this program, is ridiculous, $578,892,762 (www.special-education-degree.net). Here in Illinois, we have been one of the states that s been most struck by this budget cut. The progressillinois.com has said â€Å"over the summer they announced that $42 million cuts... And another cut was announced for 12 million†. Some think the funding for special needs education shouldn’t be raised, however, they should give more funding for special needs education because it will give them more opportunities to advance in higher education, improve their social skills and help them thrive later on in life. Now tell me do you think it is fair to take away money from student who just want to learn? For a start, children with a disability already face so much, and now have to deal with their programs being cut. I know how hard is it for these students, I have a godson who has autism. He struggles everyday with the littlest thing, and yet always want to go to school. Having a disability making everything more challenging with school, work, andShow MoreRelatedFunding For Special Education Program1544 Words   |  7 Pages Funding for special education students is, and historically, has always been, a complicated issue. Most people believe the federal government funds special education in the United States. â€Å"Understanding Special Education Funding† (2009), states that, on average, most states estimate that the federal government provides less than 15% of the money needed to fund special education services. This, in turn, leaves local school systems resp onsible for funding the remaining portion of special educationRead MoreSpecial Education Or Remedial Education Is A Program Designed1542 Words   |  7 PagesSpecial Education or Remedial Education is a program designed to help children who have learning disabilities and mental challenges. Special Education can be very beneficial for certain students; however, because of the diversity within a Special Education classroom students are rarely getting the correct level of education that they need. Most students do not end up not getting the specialized help they need and eventually fall through the cracks. This, along with many other problems, need to fixedRead MoreFunding Sources. Having Sources For Special Education Is971 Words   |  4 PagesFunding Sources Having sources for special education is important to meet the needs of the students. It is important for schools and the districts to know how to find these sources when they are not available to them. Per the National Legislative Conference Special Committee on School Finance (1971), funding alone cannot cure all the troubles of our public education system, but advances cannot be complete until the way educational capitals are elevated and allocation is reformed. There are manyRead MoreEssay about Regular vs. Special Education Classes1567 Words   |  7 Pagesposed this question prior to my research; do special education students receive the same attention and level of education as students in regular education? Through investigation and observation, I explored the differences between regular education classrooms and special education classrooms to see if there were in fact inequalities between the two. Prior to doing research, I assumed that all education was alike, and that re gardless of special needs, the educational institution provided an equalRead MoreThe Funding On First Nations Reserves1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe funding on First Nations reserves has not kept up with the needs of a growing population. Teachers salaries and school supplies has been a consequence of the funding shortfall on First Nations reserves. Annual expenditure increases is subject to a two percent cap for First Nations schools (Assembly of First Nations, 2012, para. 11). If teacher’s salaries are being impacted on reserve, many teachers may need to resort to working at a provincial school system where they get paid more. It is importantRead MoreLegal Disabilities Law1727 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: HISTORY OF SPECIAL EDUCATION LAW According to National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), an IEP, or Individualized Education Program, is â€Å"a written statement for each individual with a disability that is developed, reviewed, and revised in accordance with Title 42 U.S.C. Section 1414(d).† (NAEP Glossary) Each source I studied stressed the concept of â€Å"individualized† plans because each program is tailored to specifically meet the needs of that particular student throughRead MoreSources Of Revenue And Funding988 Words   |  4 Pagesfederal, state, and local funding. The majority of funding comes from state and local sources; whereas a small percent (usually 9-12%) comes from the federal level. The method by which schools receive funding is through the taxation process. At the state level, taxes are levied from taxpayers, both corporate and citizens via sales and income tax. At the local level, school funding comes from property taxes. Let’s explore the how the variou s sources of school funding. â€Å"According to the NationalRead MoreBenefits Of Speech-Language Pathology Services1003 Words   |  5 PagesAn issue frequently debated by the legislature concerns funding of various social/public programs which include speech-language pathology services. As a child who suffered from an auditory processing disorder, and a future licensed Speech-Language Pathologist (SLP), I know all too well how important SLP services are for children. Currently, funding for social/public programs to include Speech-Language Pathology services in the United States is not adequate for children with learning disabilitiesRead MoreNo Child Left Behind Act907 Words   |  4 PagesEducation has evolved over the years and special education has come a long way from where it began. However, there are still changes that are needed for special education. This paper gives an outlook on three major events in the history over the years and how it has shaped and changed specia l education. It also discusses the changes that still need to be made to continue to evolve. Three Important Moments No Child Left Behind Act The No Child Left behind Act allowed schools to determine the qualityRead MoreAspects Of Ell Education And Student Achievement1463 Words   |  6 Pagesmany aspects of ELL education to be explored. In order to effectively inform policy on ELL education, one must consider what affects student achievement, how to keep education adequate and equitable with the inclusion of ELLs, and how ELL education affects funding of schools. These topical areas of research, while not exhaustive, are helpful in framing the larger topic of this paper: if varying numbers of ELLs affect the state mechanism for funding ELL education. ELL Education and Student Achievement

Impacts of Internet on Shopping Behavior

Question: Discussa about the Impacts of Internet on Shopping Behavior. Answer: Introduction Background of the Study Shopping refers to the act of accessing and obtaining a particular place where goods and services are offered by sellers for the purpose of making a purchase. Since the ancient of times, shopping has been an activity carried out by human beings so as to be able to obtain what they cannot produce. Customers had different methods of doing shopping but generally in the past, the people used to walk physically to the markets or shops to do window shopping and eventually buy goods and services. Being physically present at a buying location accords the buyer the time and opportunity of assessing the quantity and the quality of a particular product or service. It is also advantageous because the buyer and the seller are able to meet and negotiate the price. On the other hand the advent of technology and various dynamics in lifestyle, buyers have since adopted another way of shopping known as online shopping. Online shopping does not require a buyers physical presence at the shop or the mark et. It only requires one to have an internet enabled device like a computer or a Smartphone. With these kinds of devices nowadays, one can do shopping at the comfort of his house. You just need to log on to various online shopping websites of various businesses where you will be able to browse the goods and services you require and all their details be made available. It is even easier as at the time of purchasing the goods one can also order for doorstep delivery. Despite the shift from traditional way of shopping or in-store shopping, various disadvantages can still be associated with online shopping. Just to mention but a few, it eliminates that fun time that family and friends would have when on a shopping spree. Secondly, sometimes doorstep deliveries of goods become too expensive hence afforded by just a few individuals. In-store shopping too has its shortcomings on an equal measure. It has been found to be time consuming as one has to appear physically at the market or mall. To add on, it is expensive because one has to hire a taxi or even incur fuel cost in case of personal cars. In summary, it can be said that the advent of internet in the business world has led to a lot of dynamics in the sector. Statement of the problem. Despite many studies that have been conducted by various researchers, the influence which has been brought by internet in the world of shopping is immeasurable and still remains unexplored fully. People nowadays tend to have different shopping patterns that seemed to have changed gradually since the advent of internet. A good number of customers have run away from the traditional way of shopping which also known as in-store is shopping and embraced online shopping. It is thought that it is the kind of lifestyle that people have adopted that contributes much towards how they conduct their shopping but on the other side research has linked shopping patterns to geographical locations. So many questions as to how or to which extent internet has impacted on shopping patterns still remain unanswered. It is felt that there still remains a big gap left by previous researches done on the same topic. It is for this reason that this research study seeks to answer the many unanswered questions o n the real impact of internet on shopping. Main objective of the research The research study objectives will be sub-divided into two. The first subdivision is the impact of internet in shopping patterns while the second sub-division is the specific objectives which serve the purpose to support the main objective of the study. The specific objectives of the research are; To identify the reasons that shoppers consider while opting going online when it comes to shopping. To establish the reasons as to why some shoppers still cling to traditional way of shopping despite the populous trend of online shopping. To establish whether there is a relationship between internet enabled device ownership and the mode of shopping. To assess the advantages of online shopping vis a vis those of traditional shopping. Research questions Does internet has an impact on shopping pattern? Do those who own computers and smartphones do online shopping rather than traditional shopping? What are the main features of online shopping that endear customers to it? What are the main features of traditional shopping that endear customers to it? Research hypothesis In line with the objectives of this research proposal and so as to remain relevant in answering the questions of his research, the following hypothesis will be put forward. H0: there is no significant difference in the number of people who prefer online shopping and those who prefer traditional method of shopping. H1: there is a significant difference in the number of people who prefer online shopping and those who prefer traditional method of shopping. H0: There is no relationship between internet enabled device ownership and mode of shopping preference. H1: There is a significant relationship between internet enabled device ownership and mode of shopping preference. Significance of the study A lot of studies have been conducted regarding the impact of internet on shopping patterns. Despite these numerous studies, many questions are yet to be answered and the real truth unravelled about this topic. This study will therefore come in handy to answer the many research questions that are posed in this research proposal. Since a thorough literature review has been conducted, this study will serve the purpose of filling the gaps that have been left by other research studies on the same topic. The findings of this research will be of paramount importance as it will form an additional knowledge to the already existing literature about the same topic. Various customers will also be able to read and have knowledge on the current trends in the world of business fuelled by internet connectivity. We believe that the study will not be 100% exhaustive therefore will leave space for criticism therefore prompting further research by other researchers. Lastly it results of this finding wil l be helpful to those students who are pursuing education in e-marketing in institutions of higher learning. Literature review The development and the spread of internet influence in the current business world have been greatly recorded in various literatures (Dholakia, 2010). Statistics has it that in the United Kingdom the sales soared up to the level of 720% between 1999 and 2005 courtesy of internet (Weltevreden, 2008). In addition to this (Hjorthol, 2009) asserts that in the year 2006 almost two fifths of the population in the United Kingdom had transacted business through various websites. The advantages of e-commerce as reported by other researches included convenience and affordability as put by (SimKoi, 2002). He explains that through online customers are able to the activity anytime they need to do so regardless of their location. He adds that online shopping offers a variety of products including those that are not available locally. A research done by (Larson, 2009) recorded that internet use served a good purpose of easing the pressure that was evident in the brick and mortar business. The pressures were for example parking and overcrowding. According to Hjorthol online shopping help customers have a great deal of information about the goods and services before they make the final decision to purchase a given product. Though online shopping seems to have more advantages than traditional shopping in general, (Lee, 2009) compares the two modes of shopping and confirms that there exists a trade leakage with e-commerce. Trade leakage refers to a situation where buyers purchase goods outside the boundaries of their locations thereby encouraging the development in other areas rather than their local areas. Various studies have also been conducted to find out why there were many people doing traditional shopping despite the trending and popular online shopping. A study by (Aldridge, 1997) found that there were fears associated to fraud within some customers. To add on, there were claims of delays and high door to door delivery costs. Some customers also wanted to have personal contact with whatever they were buying so as to do a thorough assessment. Methodology In this chapter, an outline of how data will be handled from collection to analysis is detailed. It also discusses how the result findings will be presented for the purpose of drawing conclusion from them. Design of Research The study will use a research design which is descriptive to help in assessing the influence of internet on shopping patterns. This design is always very important especially in social research where a lot of information regarding a population sample is required. In short it is able to give more information about the population of study and their characteristics. Apart from descriptive design, a blend of quantitative and qualitative design will be used. In testing inferential statistics, quantitative statistics will come in handy. On the other side, qualitative statistics will help the research be able to get more information from the study participants which cannot be expressed quantitatively. Data sampling To ensure bias is eliminated in the research findings, the study will give each and every person in the population an equal chance of being selected to take part in the research study. Therefore the research will use simple random sampling in selecting respondents to take part in the study. Simple random sampling is sometimes called equal chance sampling technique. One hundred customers will be selected to take part in the study. Methods of Data collection The research study will lean more on primary data. Primary data refers to data obtained first hand from the respondents. This will be through interviews, questionnaires and through focused group discussions. Secondary data on the other hand refers to already published data. It will only be used in the literature review to find out the details about other researches that were conducted on the same topic. These data will be retrieved from published books, internet and various website pages. Data analysis. Descriptive statistics will be applied to analyse the data collected. This is the same as summary statistics. They include determining measures of central tendencies like mean, mode and median. For example we will be able to find the mean number of times that people use online shopping while comparing this to the mean number of times individuals are doing traditional shopping. To add on, inferential statistics will also come in understanding the data more. Measures of association and independence will enable the study come up with vital information as regards to the data collected. For example the study will seek to establish whether there is a relationship between the kind of shopping and the ownership of smartphones or computers. The study will also test whether there is a significant difference in the mean number of times individuals use online shopping compared to the number of times individuals do traditional shopping. The data collected will be analysed through the use of statistical software SPSS and excel. Expected research findings In general, the result findings of this research study are expected to be that majority of the people like online shopping as compared to those who do traditional shopping. The reasons behind this liking will be that online saves time as people are able to do window shopping at the comfort of their houses without physically travelling to shopping malls or markets. The other probable reason would be that people find it convenient when they order for goods and they are dropped at their door steps. Details about the goods and services they are looking for can also be found all in one place just at the click of a button. To add on, customers are able to get goods and services that they cannot get locally. On the other hand, those customers who support traditional shopping will be found to be the minority. They might have reasons such as attaching fun to traditional shopping. Going out and meeting family and friends is always a fun. Grantt chart for research activities from literature review to data analysis. ACTIVITIES WK 1 WK2 WK3 WK4 WK5 WK6 WK7 WK8 WK9 WK10 WK11 WK12 WK13 WK14 LITERATURE REVIEW XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX DATA COLLECTION XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX DATA ANALYSIS XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX FINAL RESEARCH XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX Reference Bttner, O. B. (2008). Perceived trustworthiness of online shops. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. Dholakia, U., Kahn, B. (2010). Consumer Behavior in a Multichannel, Multimedia Retailing Environment. Journal of Interactive Marketing. Hjorthol, R. (2009). "Information searching and buying on the Internet: travel-related activities?". Loi, S. (2009). Outshopping Through the Internet: A Multicountry Investigation. Journal of Global Marketing, 53 66. Sim , L., Koi , S. (2002). Singapore's Internet shoppers and their impact on traditional shopping patterns. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 115-124. Weltevreden, J., Atzema, O. (2008). The geography of Internet adoption by independent retailers in the Netherlands.